IIAR publications
IIAR publications
The International Institute of All-Natural Refrigeration (IIAR) and eurammon share a long-standing partnership grounded in a common goal: advancing natural refrigerants as sustainable, energy‑efficient solutions for refrigeration, air conditioning, and heat pumps worldwide. Formalized through a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU), this collaboration focuses on knowledge exchange, advocacy, and joint initiatives to accelerate the global uptake of natural refrigerants.
In this resource section, you can explore selected IIAR publications and technical articles. By sharing these materials, we aim to support our joint mission of raising awareness and deepening expertise on natural refrigerants in refrigeration, air conditioning and heat pump applications.
Connecting Cooling and Process Heating in Industrial Applications with Natural Refrigerants
2025 Technical Paper #3: The need to decarbonize industrial facilities is greater than ever. One technology that will play a large role in reducing carbon emissions is industrial heat pumps. With hundreds of different combinations of industrial heat pump systems, engineers and designers need to understand which technology is appropriate for their specific process. This paper introduces the different applications and technologies of industrial heat pumps. Typical system layouts are presented and explained, with a focus on efficiency comparisons.
Felix St-Germain, Refrigeration Engineer, Laporte Engineering
Ivan Rangelov, Business Development Manager, Industrial Heat Pumps, Danfoss
Connecting Cooling and Process Heating in Industrial Applications with Natural Refrigerants
2025 Technical Paper #3: The need to decarbonize industrial facilities is greater than ever. One technology that will play a large role in reducing carbon emissions is industrial heat pumps. With hundreds of different combinations of industrial heat pump systems, engineers and designers need to understand which technology is appropriate for their specific process. This paper introduces the different applications and technologies of industrial heat pumps. Typical system layouts are presented and explained, with a focus on efficiency comparisons.
Felix St-Germain, Refrigeration Engineer, Laporte Engineering
Ivan Rangelov, Business Development Manager, Industrial Heat Pumps, Danfoss
Connecting Cooling and Process Heating in Industrial Applications with Natural Refrigerants
2025 Technical Paper #3: The need to decarbonize industrial facilities is greater than ever. One technology that will play a large role in reducing carbon emissions is industrial heat pumps. With hundreds of different combinations of industrial heat pump systems, engineers and designers need to understand which technology is appropriate for their specific process. This paper introduces the different applications and technologies of industrial heat pumps. Typical system layouts are presented and explained, with a focus on efficiency comparisons.
Felix St-Germain, Refrigeration Engineer, Laporte Engineering
Ivan Rangelov, Business Development Manager, Industrial Heat Pumps, Danfoss
Applications of Ammonia and Carbon Dioxide for Decarbonization and Markets Other Than the Food and Beverage Refrigeration Industry
2025 Technical Paper #8: This paper shows how ammonia and carbon dioxide can support decarbonization well beyond food and beverage refrigeration, from hydrogen transport and CO₂ handling to large liquid export/import terminals. It explains the shift from grey to blue and green ammonia, new regulatory pressure on high‑GWP synthetics, and how large NH₃ and CO₂ systems — including high‑temperature heat pumps — are opening new low‑carbon opportunities in heavy industrial process cooling and district heating.
Paul Danilewicz, P.E., Santosh Yarlagadda Enerflex Energy Systems, Inc. Houston, Texas,
Applications of Ammonia and Carbon Dioxide for Decarbonization and Markets Other Than the Food and Beverage Refrigeration Industry
2025 Technical Paper #8: This paper shows how ammonia and carbon dioxide can support decarbonization well beyond food and beverage refrigeration, from hydrogen transport and CO₂ handling to large liquid export/import terminals. It explains the shift from grey to blue and green ammonia, new regulatory pressure on high‑GWP synthetics, and how large NH₃ and CO₂ systems — including high‑temperature heat pumps — are opening new low‑carbon opportunities in heavy industrial process cooling and district heating.
Paul Danilewicz, P.E., Santosh Yarlagadda Enerflex Energy Systems, Inc. Houston, Texas,
Applications of Ammonia and Carbon Dioxide for Decarbonization and Markets Other Than the Food and Beverage Refrigeration Industry
2025 Technical Paper #8: This paper shows how ammonia and carbon dioxide can support decarbonization well beyond food and beverage refrigeration, from hydrogen transport and CO₂ handling to large liquid export/import terminals. It explains the shift from grey to blue and green ammonia, new regulatory pressure on high‑GWP synthetics, and how large NH₃ and CO₂ systems — including high‑temperature heat pumps — are opening new low‑carbon opportunities in heavy industrial process cooling and district heating.
Paul Danilewicz, P.E., Santosh Yarlagadda Enerflex Energy Systems, Inc. Houston, Texas,
CO2 systems: Lubricants and Oil Management Strategies
2025 Technical Paper #11: This paper explains how to select and manage lubricants to ensure safe, reliable, and efficient operation of CO₂ industrial refrigeration systems. It compares the lubrication properties, Daniel plots, viscosity behaviour, and oil management strategies of the two main lubricant types - polyolester (POE) and polyalkylene glycol (PAG). Oil management design features and guidelines are outlined for common system configurations, including DX, pumped, and overfed (ejector) executions, to help engineers choose the optimal lubricant and oil management approach for CO₂ applications.
Giacomo Pisano, M.Sc. Engineering, DORIN USA
CO2 systems: Lubricants and Oil Management Strategies
2025 Technical Paper #11: This paper explains how to select and manage lubricants to ensure safe, reliable, and efficient operation of CO₂ industrial refrigeration systems. It compares the lubrication properties, Daniel plots, viscosity behaviour, and oil management strategies of the two main lubricant types - polyolester (POE) and polyalkylene glycol (PAG). Oil management design features and guidelines are outlined for common system configurations, including DX, pumped, and overfed (ejector) executions, to help engineers choose the optimal lubricant and oil management approach for CO₂ applications.
Giacomo Pisano, M.Sc. Engineering, DORIN USA
CO2 systems: Lubricants and Oil Management Strategies
2025 Technical Paper #11: This paper explains how to select and manage lubricants to ensure safe, reliable, and efficient operation of CO₂ industrial refrigeration systems. It compares the lubrication properties, Daniel plots, viscosity behaviour, and oil management strategies of the two main lubricant types - polyolester (POE) and polyalkylene glycol (PAG). Oil management design features and guidelines are outlined for common system configurations, including DX, pumped, and overfed (ejector) executions, to help engineers choose the optimal lubricant and oil management approach for CO₂ applications.
Giacomo Pisano, M.Sc. Engineering, DORIN USA
Sustainable Solutions for Agricultural Cold Storage: A Case Study
2025 Technical Paper #14: This paper explores the potential of integrating CO2 refrigeration systems with energy savings alternatives to maximize sustainability and energy efficiency in agricultural cold storage facilities. With growing concerns over environmental impact and energy consumption, the adoption of ecofriendly refrigeration solutions is imperative. CO2 refrigeration systems offer significant benefits in terms of reduced global warming and ozone depletion potential compared with conventional synthetic refrigerants.
Tania Herrera, Key Account and Product Engineer, Güntner U.S., LLC
Dan O’Brien, President, Zero Zone, Inc.
Sustainable Solutions for Agricultural Cold Storage: A Case Study
2025 Technical Paper #14: This paper explores the potential of integrating CO2 refrigeration systems with energy savings alternatives to maximize sustainability and energy efficiency in agricultural cold storage facilities. With growing concerns over environmental impact and energy consumption, the adoption of ecofriendly refrigeration solutions is imperative. CO2 refrigeration systems offer significant benefits in terms of reduced global warming and ozone depletion potential compared with conventional synthetic refrigerants.
Tania Herrera, Key Account and Product Engineer, Güntner U.S., LLC
Dan O’Brien, President, Zero Zone, Inc.
Sustainable Solutions for Agricultural Cold Storage: A Case Study
2025 Technical Paper #14: This paper explores the potential of integrating CO2 refrigeration systems with energy savings alternatives to maximize sustainability and energy efficiency in agricultural cold storage facilities. With growing concerns over environmental impact and energy consumption, the adoption of ecofriendly refrigeration solutions is imperative. CO2 refrigeration systems offer significant benefits in terms of reduced global warming and ozone depletion potential compared with conventional synthetic refrigerants.
Tania Herrera, Key Account and Product Engineer, Güntner U.S., LLC
Dan O’Brien, President, Zero Zone, Inc.